Abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoze ibikoresho byo ku meza "byatsi" bikozwe mu bisheke n'imigano, byoroshye kandi bifatika, bisezeranya kuba ubundi buryo bushoboka bwo gusimbura ibikombe bya pulasitiki n'ibindi bikoresho bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa rimwe. Nubwo pulasitiki gakondo cyangwa polymer zishobora kubora zishobora gufata imyaka 450 cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi kugira ngo zibore, ibi bikoresho bidahumanya kandi bitangiza ibidukikije bibora mu minsi 60 gusa kandi bikaba bifite isuku ihagije yo kubika ikawa yawe ya mu gitondo cyangwa ibiryo byo gutwara. Ingingo ivuga kuri ubu buryo bwa pulasitiki yasohotse mu kinyamakuru Matter ku ya 12 Ugushyingo 2020.
Umwanditsi witwa Julie Hongli wo muri Kaminuza ya Northeastern agira ati: “Mu by’ukuri, ubwo nazaga muri Amerika bwa mbere mu 2007, natunguwe no kubona ko ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa rimwe gusa bikwirakwira mu maduka manini. Bituma ubuzima bwacu bworoha, ariko nanone biba imyanda idapfa mu bidukikije.” Nyuma, kubona amasahani menshi ya pulasitiki, amasahani, n'ibikoresho byo mu gikoni bijugunywa mu myanda mu nama n'inama byatumye yibaza ati: “Ese dushobora gukoresha ibikoresho birambye kurushaho?”
Mu gushaka ubundi buryo bwo gusiga ibikoresho bya pulasitiki mu biryo, Zhu na bagenzi be berekeje ku bimera by’imigano, kimwe mu bintu bikurura imyanda mu nganda z’ibiribwa: ibimera by’ibisheke. Itsinda ryahuje imigozi miremire, yoroheje y’imigano n’imigozi migufi kandi minini y’ibimera kugira ngo rikore urushundura rurerure maze rikora ibikoresho muri ibyo bikoresho bibiri bihamye kandi bishobora kwangirika. Ibi bikoresho bishya bitangiza ibidukikije, ntabwo bikomeye nk’ibya pulasitiki kandi bishobora kubika amazi, ahubwo ni byiza kurusha ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika byakozwe mu bikoresho byasubiwemo, bishobora kudahumana neza. Bitangira kubora mu butaka nyuma y’iminsi 30 kugeza kuri 45 kandi bigahinduka burundu nyuma y’iminsi 60.
Zhu yagize ati: “Gukora ibikoresho byo kubikamo ibiryo si akazi koroshye. Ntibigomba kwangirika gusa. Ku ruhande rumwe, dukeneye ibikoresho birinda ibiryo; ku rundi ruhande, ibikoresho bigomba kuba bifite imbaraga nyinshi mu gihe bitose kandi bikaba bisukuye cyane, kuko bizakoreshwa mu kubika ikawa ishyushye n'ifunguro rya saa sita rishyushye.”
Abashakashatsi bongeyeho alkyl ketenedimer (AKD), imiti irinda ibidukikije ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'ibiribwa, kugira ngo yongere imbaraga zo kwirinda amavuta n'amazi mu bikoresho byo ku meza, bityo bikomeze mu bihe by'ubushuhe. Hamwe n'iki kintu, ibikoresho bishya byo ku meza byarushije ibikoresho byo mu rugo bishobora kubora, nk'ibindi bikoresho byo ku meza by'ibisheke n'amakarito y'amagi, mu mbaraga za mashini, imbaraga zo kurwanya amavuta, no kudahumanya.
Ibikombe byakozwe n'abashakashatsi bifite ikindi cyiza: kugabanuka cyane kwa karubone. Uburyo bwo gukora ibicuruzwa bishya butanga CO2 nkeya ku kigero cya 97% ugereranije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe bya pulasitiki, na 65% munsi y'impapuro na pulasitiki ishobora kubora. Intego ikurikira y'itsinda ni ukunoza uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu mu gutunganya no kugabanya ikiguzi kugira ngo birusheho gupiganwa na pulasitiki. Nubwo ibikombe bikozwe mu bikoresho bishya bihenda kabiri ($2,333 kuri toni) ugereranyije n'ibyakozwe muri pulasitiki ishobora kubora ($4,750 kuri toni), ibikombe bisanzwe bya pulasitiki biracyahendutse gato ($2,177 kuri toni).
Zhu yagize ati: “Biragoye kubuza abantu gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa “stay-put” kuko bihendutse kandi byoroshye. Ariko ndatekereza ko igisubizo cyiza cyaba ugukoresha ibikoresho bitangiza ibidukikije kandi bishobora kubora mu gukora ibyo bikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa “stay-put”.”
Isoko: Liu Chao, Luan Pengcheng, Li Qiang, Cheng Zheng, Sun Xiao, Cao Daxian, na Zhu Hongli, “Ibikoresho byo ku meza bishobora kubora, bisukuye, kandi bishobora gufumbira byakozwe mu nsinga za pulasitiki zivanze n’ibishishwa,” Matter, Ugushyingo 12, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.10.004
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 10 Nzeri 2025